Apparatus for producing vacuum



A. G. lgBloLKE Er Aj.

APPARATUS FQR PRODUCI-NG VACUUM Aug; 13, k192.5.

Filed Nov. 21. 1933 Patented Aug. 13, v1935 LUNITEDSTATES PATENT OFFICE APPARATUs ,rol,;UCNG VACUUM Y i i t Adolf Gustav'iobiolke, Gilderoy, Victoria, and i Arthur William Fitzpatrick, Yarra Junction,

Victoria, Australia Application November 21, 1933, Serial No. 699,046

' In Australia January 2.0, 1933 1o claims'. (ci. 23o- 921 `I This invention has reference toI an improved apparatus for producing vacuum and has been devised togprovide such an apparatus that will be comparatively cheaper in manufacture, eflicient in operation to effect the production of vacuum within the apparatus or device in which it is in circuit.

The object of the invention is to provide apparatus for producing vacuum that is entirely valveless and wherein fluid is directed under pressure through the internal co-'relative elements to cause a constant suction to be exerted on the passage or pipe in communication with the article or apparatus from which air is to be evacuated.

In one embodiment of the present invention the apparatus may comprise a casing wherein an adjustable deiiector cone is disposed vin the-restricted opening of an internal orifice leading into a diffusion chamber and arranged in the path of fluid pressure whereby on the said cone directing the fluid under pressure in a divided state into and through the internal orice a constant suction is maintained on an adjacent passage leading to the article or apparatus to be evacuated.

The invention is characterized in that the defiector cone is hollow to communicate with a diffusion chamber formed in an exhaust member between the internal and external orifices there- Y of, whereby during the passage of a film of fluid,

on the cone into the diffusion chamber a constant v difference in air pressure on each side of the fluid film, thus causing a constant suction on the passage adjacent to said cone and communicating -with the article or apparatus in which vacuum is to be produced.

A very important feature embodied in the invention consists in that the deflector cone receives the fluid or stream of water under pressure and divides the water up into a film thereon and the film of water is passed through an internal orifice having a restricted opening into a diffusion cham.- b'er, this passage of the water causing -a constant suction on the article orvapparatus from which the air is being exhausted, while the continuous operation effects the production of `vacuum within the said article or apparatus.

A further essential feature comprises a novel" exhaust member having internal and external orifice being disposed in a restricted fashion around the base of the deflector cone whereby the constant suction is caused by the -passage of Y the film of water over Vthe cone to exhaust the air'from the article in circuit with the pump, the film of water being atomized within the diffusion chamber prior to being consolidated in the ex- L ternal orifice during the exhaust of the used liquid through the external orifice.

A further important feature resides in the dual exhaust member which is constructed in the manner of a Venturi tube, the internal orifice being restricted and disposed around the base of the deector cone while an enlarged diffusion chamber is formeciadjacent to the internal orifice and having a reduced end in communication with the external orifice which is of a tapered or expanding nature to discharge the said liquid at a reduced pressure.

'Ihis invention apprehends the application of the Aabove principles and construction of corelated elements to a rotary type of apparatus as a modification of the invention and wherein the orifices, interposed diffusion chamber and deflector cone are arranged in the same relationship but are constructed in a continuous circular formation as the body of the pump or apparatus isshaped as a hollow disc with the spindle of said disc suitably driven while the lower portion of thel disc is provided with a-tube extending into va supply of water or connecting with pressure fluid whereby, during the rotation of said disc, water is drawn up into the interior of the disc and deflected outwardly by centrifugal forc on to the inclined surface of the cone shaped rim, which is actually V shaped, and thence into the annular diffusion chamber to cause suction to be exerted on the passage communicating with the article to be evacuated.

' A further important feature embodied in the invention consists in that in the modified form of apparatus the casing of same isconstructed in the manner of a hollow disc carrying an inner disc shaped member formed with a peripheral V shaped rim, which is disposed in the restricted opening of an annular diffusion chamber formedin the buter disc that is constructed with a peripheral jet tol deflect the used liquid by centrifugal force into a stationary catchment and means are included to direct the superfluous liquid back into the tank or'catchment.`

A further important feature embodied in the invention is that the driven spindle of the disc may be hollow in order to connect the article to be evacuated, any suitable flexible connection being disposed between said hollow spindle and the article, whereby as the water is drawn up into the inner disc and deflected by centrifugal force over the outer r V shaped rim through the restricted opening of the diffusion chamber, a constant suction force isexerted on the hollow shaft to eventually produce a vacuum withinthe ing drawing in which:-

Figure 1 isa view in section of the apparatus for producing vacuum constructed in accordance with this. invention.

Figure 2 is a detail view of'the deector cone mounted within the tapered and flanged casting.

Figure 3 is a section of a modified form of apparatus. l

Figure 4 is a plan view of the rotating element included in the apparatus illustrated in Figure 2.

Figure 5 is a fragmentary-sectional view of a further modification of the apparatus wherein the deector cone is dispensed with.

According to one form of carrying this invention "into practical effect, the improved apparatus for effecting the production of vacuum comprises a casing 4 suitably bored out and threaded at eachend 5 and 6 with the undersurface of the casing 4 having .a passage 1 through a den pending stem Il, the lower end of which is also threaded to suitably connect in any way the arti- -impinge against the end I4 of a vtapered and flanged casting I5 which 'acts as anozzle as will be hereinafter described.

The flanged end I4 of this casting .Iiiv seats i against a shoulder I6 formed within the casing 4fwhereby as the union II is tightened. the hollow casting 4 by means of the lpacking ring. I3, theinternal diameter of whichcoinides withthe vinternal diameter of the union II to permit a ready flow of iiuid therethrough. l

The hollow tapered casting I5 at"its flanged end I4 is provided with a central rib I 1! centrally bored out andtapered to receive the threaded end of the stem I8 of a deectorcone I9; the stem I9 being attached to the apex `ofthe deflector cone I9.

The base of the deflector cone yI9 is disposed in spaced relationship and in close. proximity to the internal restricted opening 20 otzthe oriiiced nozzle member 9 which, as illustrated in'Figure 1, is constructed in the form of a l Venturi tube.

The internal .restricted opening 20o! the oriced nozzle member 9 is expanded into an enlarged and rounded diifusion chamber 2I, the outer end of which is reduced to form th'e external orifice 22 of a tapered formation towards the outer-end or nozzle 24, `whereby -the used water is exhausted at'reduced pressures.

If desired, one or more diffusion chambers may be employed in the nozzle provided that-the pressure of the uid is sufficient to overcomeatmospheric pressure during the exhaust of theused fluid. l

,Thej'hollow casting I5 which is also tapered in a conical formation to constitutes. nomic is, positioned to terminate around theapex of ,the deiiector cone I9 whereby the incoming fluid or liquid is issued or directed by said nozzle on to the cone through the narrow aperture .25ct the casting I5 whereby it is delivered in a. finely di-v-f vided state or iilm on to the deflector cone I9.

The deector cone I9 is of hollow construction as illustrated and tapers outwardly from'the end ofthel stem i9, said deiiector cone I9 may have formed thereon groovesf of desired shape and I9 is rmly retainedinfposition- `against the annular shoulder I6 of .thecasing the article in circuit with the apparatus.- If desired the 'deector cone may be solid in'lieu of 'being hollow and the bevelled'or rounded base may be extended to form a double cone effect.

The deector cone I9 is adjustable in relation to the tapered liquid delivery nozzle I5 whereby the liquid may be within limits directed under greater or lesser pressure over the surface of the defiector cone I9, this adjustment being achieved by means of the threaded engagement of the st em.I8 with` the rib I1 in the end of the casting I5 and the adjusting nut on said stem as illustrated.

In operation, the union II at one end of the casing 4 is connected with a supply of fluid under pressure or liquid under pressure suchv as from a main, while the lower tubular extension 6 of the casing 4 is connected with the article to be evacuated.

As the water or fluid under pressure is passed into thecasing-4, its pressure is increased by being passed into the delivery nozzle I5 so that it issues onto the surface of the deflector cone I9 in a iinelydivided state in the manner of a iilm from which it is forced through the restricted opening 20 of the internal orifice 9 into the'diffusion chamber 2|, impetus being giventhe liquid under pressure by means of the inturned curved j or bevelled end 21 of the deflector cone I9. The

forcing of the water through this restricted passage 20 around the base of the delector cone I9 in. the diffusion chamber 211 setsup or causes a constant-suction to be maintained in the adjacent passage 1 of the. tubular extension 8 connecting the article or. apparatus from which air is to be withdrawn.

' The iilm o f water is passed undei` pressure into the diffusion chamber 2l to follow the contour -thereof, itsxnatural tendency, after passing into the diffusion chamber z in a finely divided state is to expand to the shape of said chamber and atomize with 'the air withdrawn by suction from the passage 1, and as illustrated bythe path 1 relative differences in air pressure between the centre 28 of the 'diiusion chamber 2I and the passage 1 connecting the article to be evacuated, whereby the air in the article or apparatus has a natural tendency to break through the iilm of water on the deectorcone I9 and venter the diffusion chamber 2I which, in conjunction with the natural suction effect obtained by the forcing of the film of water through the restricted open- -ing' into thefdiflusion chamber, maintains a constant suction on the passage Way 1 which eventually produces a high vacuum within the or apparatus in circuit therewith.

The atomized liquid in the diffusion chamber 2I on following the contour of 'the walls thereof,

is forced through the reduced end of the external orifice 22 anddischarged or exhausted to atmosphere at a lesser pressure owing to the expandingnature of the latter orifice 22.

The oriced exhaust member described is of particular utility in the apparatus described as itis preferably cast in' one piece with the external and internal orifices 22 and l2li tapering towards theenlarged diffusion chamber 2 I, one side of which is disposed adjacent to the defiector cone Il which is mounted in the internal orifice 20 as previously described and by the construction of this'mtter orifice zo the nlm or water isratb within the diffusion chamber 2| by causing a. suction on the passage 1 and is then consolidated in the external orifice 22 during the exhaustof 5 the used liquid.

effective end |5b of said tapered and flanged nozzle I 5a being positioned in relation to the oriiiced member 9 in such a manner that as the water or fluid is passed under pressure through the nozzle end |5b and thence through therestricted opening 20 of the internal orifice of the exhaust member into the diiusionchamber 2| a constant suction is maintained in the adjacent passage 'I vof the tubular extension 8 connecting the article or apparatus from which air is to be withdrawn. 'I'he operation of this modified form of the invention is similar to that previously, described in relation to Figure 1.

- Figures 3 and 4 illustrate a modification ofl the construction illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 and in the particular adaptation of the invention, the orifices, diffusion chamber and deflector cone operate in substantially the same manner as has been previously described, but are'constructed in circular formation.

To. achieve this construction, the casing 33 of the pump or apparatus is constructed in the manner of a hollow disc, the upper and lower surfaces 3| and 32 being curved towards thepe riphery.-

The outer disc 30 has disposed therein' land suitably spaced, a similarly shaped hollow disc 33, the centre of which has attached theretoa depending tube 34, the lower portion of which is flared to receive an integral screw 35 for the purpose of providing a lift for the water contained in a tank 36 or the like within which the discs 33 and 33 are rotated above the water level as illustrated in Figure 3.

'Ihe periphery 31 of the inner disc 33 is constructed with deflecting surfaces38 which in sectien are V-shaped to correspond in outline with the defiector cone illustrated and described with reference to Figures 1 and 2, while this modined construction provides a V shaped deecting rim.

'I'he base 33 of the V-shaped rim 31 is positioned in the annular restricted opening 40 ofan annular'diil'usion chamber 4| formed concentri- 0 cally in the outer disc 30, the saidchamber 4| disc shaped member 30, the lower surface 32 oi! being reduced to unite with a tapered peripheral Jet 42 comprising the peripheryof lthe outer which is curved upwardly to form a lip 43, the edge of which is/superimposed above the vopening ofthe Jet, this space between the jet and the lip forms a seal for the liquid during rotation .of the apparatus to obviate the` inuen'ce of atmospheric pressure on the apparatus. n'

'Ihe inner disc member 33 is .attached to the outer disc 30 by means of vertical bolts 44 extending through spaced sleeves 45 and are secured by nuts 46. f r The V rim 31 of the inner disc 33 is supported on a central rib 41 mounted between spaced sleeves 45 retained in position within the inner disc 3 3 by means of hollow bolts 49 concentrically arranged, the bolts'being hollow for the purpose of allowing for the free n therethrough for the purpose hereinafter de-r scribed.

passage of air The upper end of the honow shaft 5| has fitted thereto a coupling 54 for the purpose of connecting the rotating shaft 5| with a tubular conv nection or pipe 55 leadingy to the article from which air is to be withdrawn.

AIn operation, the shaft 5I is driven at a suitable speedwhich causes the disc 30 and shaft members to rotate in a unitary manner and the pipe extension 34 from the inner d-isc 33 rotates within the water in the tank whereby water is elevated by means of theaction of the screw'35 therein into the inner hollow disc.

'I'he rotation of the disc shaped members 33 and 33 causes the `water to be deflected outwardly by centrifugal force and the curved-tapering nature of the inner disc 33 towards its periphery causes the water to be increased in pressure to issue on to the deflecting surfaces 38 of the v shaped rim 31 in a nelydivided lstate asa film in which condition it is forced through the annular restricted opening 40 into the diffusion chamber 4|. f

As its is forced through the restricted opening 40, the lm of water causes suction to be exerted on the interior of the outer disc member 30 and consequently through the medium ofthe hollow shaft 5| upon the article to be evacuated and air is'drawn downwardly into 'the 'hollow bolts 43, the lower side'30a of the outer disc to be drawn through the annular restricted opening 40 adjacent the V shaped rim .31 to effeet the atomization thereof with the finely divided liquid in the diffusion chamber ,4|.

The deected liquid conforms to the contour of the annular diffusion chamber 4| lwhereby a vacuum is formed at the centre of this chamber and the inside of the V shaped rim 31 so that there is at all times a tendency for the air within the outer dise 30 to force its way into the diffusion chamber-'4| through the nlm of deflected water.

The. used water is forced outwardly through -the tapered peripheral jet 42 and deflected upv extension 34 from ,the inner disc 33, propeller dischargedfor blades or the like may be utilized to elevate the liquid from the tank 36 into the inner disc 33.

In lieu of 'forming the shaft 5| in its com-` bined sense of a vacuum pipe and driving medium, the pipe for connecting the article to be evacuated'maybe passed into the outer disc in any suitable manner.v

The operation of' the modiflcation of the invention described with reference to Figure 3 is similar tothe stationary-apparatus illustrated in Figure 1 with the diierence that the disc shaped members are rotated and-the orince and cone. shapes are formed circumierentially or annularly' to cooperate as herein described.

We desire it to be understood that various improvements and modications maybe embodied in the invention without departing from its spirit andscope.

What we ,claim as our invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent iszl. Apparatus for producing vacuum compris'- ing` a casing adapted to-connect to a supplyoi iiuid under pressure, said casing having two ends,4 a. hollow defiector cone disposed within ,said c`as ing; a 'nozzle mountedv`v alignment- 'with' said cone to direct lthe iluid undenpressureoversaid lationtoT'saidf-nozvzle, a'fpass'age in esaidffcasig ad jacent tar-said.l cone fand 'z zle tojcommunicate ing. to claim-1 and wherejrigthe deflector cone isy positioned in axial alignment` with the-diiusiongchamber -to direct the pressure fluid' in ,a -film' through the linternal oriice into thef diffusion i chamber to cause suction'rni'thev passageleadirig f I t around the per iphery of said-rim and a circumto the article to be 'evacuated 3. Apparatus for producing vacuumcomprisf ing an outer rotary casing'tobeconnected withI an article from which air is to be withdrawn,'a

spaced rotary-casing disposed within the outer casing to receive pressure nuid, a peripheral rim formed on the inner casing,-;an= annular ,diffusion chamber in the outer casing disposed' adjacent to. the peripheral rim, the pressureiluid being'ldeilected by centrifugal force in 'a iilm over the said rim into the diiusionfchamber to cause sucing', the jinner casing havingy converging walls Vtowards the. periphery `thereof to increase thetion in the outer casing.. l 4. Apparatus for producing vacuum comprising an outer rotary casingto-be connected with an article from whichairfis vvto be withdrawn; av spaced rotaryA casing disposed within said outery casing to receive pressurenuid, a peripheral rimiormed on the inner casing having diverging surfaces, an annular diiusion chamberv in the outer casing adjacent to said rim` and having. a circum- A ferential restricted opening positioned around the periphery of the diverging surfaces, the pres-'- sure uidtbeing deflected by `centrifugal, force l over the diverging surfaces oi.' saidrim in n .lm to pass vthrough the restricted opening intosaid diffusion chamber for the; purpose herein-speci` 5. Apparatus for producing. vacuum compristo draw pressure uid thereinto during the rotation of the casings, a V-shaped peripheral rim formed on the inner casing; an annular diffusion chamber in the outer casing adjacently disposed to said rim and having a restricted circumferential opening positioned around the pe-J riphery ofsaid rim and a'jet constructed on the outer casing-tov discharge the used and atomized tfluid.

' 6. Apparatusfor producing vacuum comprising an outer rotary casing to be. connected with an article from which air is to be withdrawn, a spaced;l rotary casing disposed within the outer Y casing; means to drawv uid into the latter casing during the rotation .of said Icasings, a V-shaped peripheral rimiormedonthe inner casing to re duce vthe uidqto a iilrn,A an annular diffusion chamber in the outer casing disposed adjacently to said'rim and` having a -restricted circumferen- 'tial opening Apositioned around the periphery of the rim'and converging walls' in the inner casing'to. deflect the iluid under -pressure by centriiugalgirce over the peripheral rim, through ber forthel purpose herein specified.

'L Apparatus ",ior producing. vacuum aoco Vto claim 6 and ,wherein means are included tov eifeli an initial lift to--t-hev fluid to draw same into"vtheinner,rotary casing.

8; Apparatus for producing vacuum, an-outer rotary casing,l a hollow shaft 'tted to said casing to be connected with an article from which air is to `be withdrawn, a-spaced rotary casing dis-` posed .within the outer-'casing`, means to draw fluid intothe inner casing during the rotation of "saidzcasing, a V-,Shaped peripheral rim formed lor i' tlie inner casing to reduce the uid to a 111m, an fai`i'riu1arjdiffusion chamber in the outer casing withl a circumferential opening positioned forthepurpose of rotating said casing and cong necting/ anarticle from which air is to be withs'pacedjromry easing disposed in the .oter'casmgga pipe to draw pressure fluid into the inner? casing during vthe rotation of the caspressnre of the u'id, means within said pipe to provide an initialilift to the pressure fluid, a

V-shaped rim formed on said inner casing to reduce the. pressure iiuid to a nlm, an annular diffusion chamber disposed in the outer casing adjacent to said .rim and having a restricted opening around 'the periphery of the rim and a circumferential vJet formed in the outer casing in communication with the diiusion chamber to discharge the' used and atomized fluid.

` 1Q; Apparatus'for producing vacuum according to claim 9 and whereinthe inner casing is formed with a'central rib, spaced bolts to attach said rib .to the curved walls of said casing, said bolts 'beinghollow to permit the passage of air there-A throughl zipr I the Vpurposes specified.

f GUsTAv Aro'lrconxizi.

mzPATRrcK. 

